武威市畜禽粪污土地承载潜力分析

为评估武威市畜禽养殖粪污土地承载潜力,本文按照以地定畜、种养平衡的原则,从畜禽粪污养分供给和土壤粪肥养分需求的角度出发,科学测算了武威市近三年畜禽粪污养分供给量和本区域植物粪肥养分需求量,分析武威市各县区畜禽粪污土地理论承载力和实际承载力差距,推算出潜在承载力,为政府决策、部门制定畜牧业发展规划提供依据。     

添加秸秆对不同有机含量土壤酸度及缓冲性能的影响

通过向低（LSOM）、中（MSOM）、高（HSOM）及去除（RSOM）有机质土壤中添加玉米秸秆进行室内培养试验，研究秸秆添加量对不同有机质含量土壤酸度及缓冲性能的影响。结果表明，在15℃恒温培养150天后，土壤pH、交换性盐基离子、CEC和盐基饱和度的含量均随着秸秆添加量的增加而上升，交换性H⁺、交换性Al³⁺含量均随着秸秆添加量的增加而降低；其中，秸秆添加量为10~15 g/kg时，LSOM处理中土壤pH增幅、交换性Al³⁺及交换性H⁺含量减幅最大；秸秆添加量为15~20 g/kg时，在MSOM和HSOM处理中土壤pH增幅及土壤交换性Al³⁺、交换性H⁺含量减幅最大；且HSOM处理添加秸秆后对降低土壤酸度效果最好。土壤中添加秸秆后可明显提高土壤酸碱缓冲能力，且土壤对加碱侧表现出的缓冲区间比酸侧明显；土壤的缓冲容量随秸秆添加量增加而升高，且HSOM处理对酸碱缓冲能力 > MSOM处理 > LSOM处理 > RSOM处理。     

有机物料添加对内蒙古河套灌区碱化土壤可溶性有机碳的影响

通过研究不同有机物料添加对内蒙古河套灌区碱化土壤可溶性有机碳含量变化的影响，寻找合理高效的增碳方式，降低碱化土壤有机碳损失。以内蒙古河套灌区轻度、中度盐碱土为对象进行田间试验，设置生物炭（BC）添加、羊粪（GM）添加，对照（CK）3个处理，对比和分析不同有机物料添加后土壤有机碳（SOC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）、土壤理化性质的变化。结果表明：（1）与CK相比，轻度碱化土壤BC、GM处理土壤DOC含量分别增加3.28%，20.66%，SOC含量增加5.40%，10.30%，中度碱化土壤BC和GM处理下可溶性碳增加41.32%，74.10%，土壤SOC含量增加60.24%，79.16%；（2）轻度碱化土壤BC和GM处理土壤DOC含量与SOC含量呈负相关，中度碱化土壤BC和GM处理下呈正相关；（3）盐碱土壤SOC、DOC含量主要与土壤pH、电导率的变化有关；BC处理较GM处理相比土壤电导率低约1.93%~29.15%，而GM处理土壤pH、碱化度比BC处理低0.31%~1.53%，7.10%~24.63%。总体来看，有机物料添加后均能使土壤中SOC、DOC含量提高，不同程度地降低土壤碱化程度，且羊粪添加较生物炭略好，因此羊粪添加对河套灌区碱化土壤碳含量的提高比生物炭添加更有效，土壤改良效果更好，土壤理化性质改善更明显。     

生长后期干旱复水对饲草大麦产量、品质及叶绿素含量的影响

为研究水分胁迫对饲草大麦生长、产量、籽粒关键品质和相关生理指标的影响,于2017～2018年采用盆栽称重控水法对甘饲麦1号进行以干旱胁迫持续时间(T)为主因素(10、20、30 d)和旱后复水量为副因素(W1、W2和W3)的裂区试验,测定其株高、穗长、生育期、单株产量及构成因子、关键品质指标以及叶绿素含量的变化。结果显示:干旱胁迫时间显著影响了各项测定指标,各项测定指标均表现出随着干旱胁迫时间的延长其显著降低,指标测定值均表现出T1T2T3。较T1,T2和T3处理的株高显著降低了10.87和16.26 cm,生育期显著提前了5.12和14.00 d;穗粒数、千粒重和单株产量分别显著降低了37.77%和67.06%、15.68%和30.62%、28.72%和69.09%;籽粒蛋白质含量显著提高了4.33%和10.16%,籽粒淀粉含量显著降低了5.65%和22.78%,籽粒饱满度显著降低了12.83%和18.95%。在同一胁迫期内,除了籽粒蛋白质含量以外,其余各项测定指标值均随着复水量的减少而不同程度的降低,指标测定值均表现为W1W2W3,且在T2和T3胁迫期下较对照W1,W3降低尤为明显。通过测定饲草大麦叶片叶绿素含量发现:在T1和T2持续胁迫时间下,复水后W1和W2处理存在显著的补偿效应,而W3以及T3持续胁迫时间的所有复水处理均未产生显著的补偿效应。说明甘饲麦1号干旱复水补偿效应的利用应注意干旱胁迫持续时间不超过20 d(土壤最大持水量的60%～65%),旱后复水量不低于田间土壤最大持水量的55%～60%为宜。     

不同温度下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟的LncRNA差异表达

【目的】 筛选不同温度下烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）侵染后枯斑三生烟（Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN）差异表达的长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）,研究lncRNA在枯斑三生烟抗性反应中的作用。【方法】 N基因的温度敏感性使枯斑三生烟在25℃时具备对TMV的抗性、在31℃抗性丧失,在这两个温度条件下对枯斑三生烟接种TMV和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（phosphate buffered saline,PBS）,48 h后提取系统叶总RNA,构建链特异性文库后进行深度测序。对测序结果进行过滤后利用HTSeq将有效数据与近缘品种TN90（N. tabacum var. TN90）基因组比对,筛选得到lncRNA后利用FPKM法估计lncRNA的表达水平。通过edgeR筛选差异表达lncRNA（differentially expressed lncRNA,DElncRNA）,并利用qRT-PCR技术对这一结果进行验证。通过共定位及共表达分析预测DElncRNA的靶基因,通过参考基因组注释、GO和KEGG富集分析研究靶基因的功能。【结果】 4个处理共12个样本经lncRNA-seq各测得约8 000万条clean reads,共获得4 737条已知lncRNA、40 169条新lncRNA。其中64个lncRNA在不同温度条件下TMV侵染后存在差异表达,qRT-PCR测定结果显示这些lncRNA的测序正确率在80%左右,表明本研究所得测序数据具备较高的可信度。对DElncRNA进行靶基因预测,发现一些基因同时被25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶向。靶基因注释功能丰富,主要参与植物抗病、激素和代谢等生理过程。部分可能与激素通路相关的lncRNA,在25℃下TMV侵染时呈现下调趋势,而在31℃下TMV侵染则呈现上调趋势。GO富集分析显示靶基因主要参与构成膜、囊泡等组分,具备钙、钾离子通道抑制剂活性等分子功能,使相应离子得以转运引发随后的反应,同时也参与发病、抗原加工和呈现、细胞分裂素代谢等生理过程。KEGG分析发现靶基因显著富集在植物激素信号转导通路,25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶基因同时富集在激素信号传导、ABC运输蛋白、苯丙烷类生物合成等通路。【结论】 不同温度（25℃和31℃）条件下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟后,长链非编码RNA差异表达,DElncRNA通过作用于激素信号传导、物质转运等过程参与寄主系统获得性抗性反应。研究结果可为揭示植物系统获得性抗性中lncRNA的调控功能以及新型抗病毒技术开发提供依据。     

制种玉米田间管理机械化现状及发展趋势

阐述了制种玉米田间管理中去雄、病虫害防治和父本切除等环节机械化作业的必要性，重点介绍了国内外典型机具的技术特点和应用现状，分析了制约制种玉米田间管理机具发展和推广的因素，探讨了我国制种玉米田间管理机械化的发展趋势，为国内制种玉米田间管理机具的研发、推广应用提供借鉴和参考。      

Effects of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension on expression of Hippo signaling pathway-related molecules in rat lung

AIM:To investigate the expression of Hippo signaling pathway-related molecules in the lung tissues of the rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline for exploring the significance of Hippo signaling pathway in the development of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS:SD rats (n=45) were randomly divided into control group (n=15) and model group (n=30). The rats in model group was given neck subcutaneous injection of monocrota-line at 60 mg/kg to establish pulmonary hypertension model, and the rats in control group was injected with the same volume of normal saline. Four weeks later, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was measured by right cardiac catheterization, and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) and right ventricular mass index (RVMI) were calculated. The remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles was observed by HE staining, and medial thickness/external diameter (M/E%) was evaluated. The fibrosis of lung tissues was detected by Masson staining. The protein expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP), tafazzin (TAZ) and TEAD was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the protein and mRNA levels of YAP, TAZ and TEAD in lung tissues were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS:Compared with control group, the vascular wall in model group was thickened significantly, the M/E% was increased (P<0.01), the pulmonary fibrosis was obvious, and the RVSP and RVHI in model group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01). The immunohistochemical staining showed that the protein expression of YAP, TAZ and TEAD in the pulmonary arterioles in model group was significantly higher than that in control group. The YAP, TAZ and TEAD protein and mRNA levels in the lung tissues were also higher than those in control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The activation of Hippo signaling molecules may promote the remodeling of pulmonary arterioles and further regulate the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.     

Comparative proteomics analysis of maize (Zea mays) leaves infected by small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus)

Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is a viral disease caused by brown planthopper infestation, and leads to great yield loss, especially in China. Comparative proteomics was performed using maize inbred line Zheng 58 and LN 287. MRDD pathogen was detected as rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) in Shandong Province, China. The modified trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone method was used for soluble protein extraction from leaves. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis was performed on 24-cm long, pH 4–7 linear immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, and gels were stained with silver and coomassie brilliant blue. We identified 944 proteins expressed in RBSDV infected maize leaves by proteomics approaches. Among these, 44 protein spots that revealed a 1.5-fold difference in intensity were identified by mass spectrometry between mock-inoculated and RBSDV infected samples. Among these, 17 and 26 spots were up-regulated, and 27 and 18 spots were down-regulated in the virus infected samples of Zheng 58 and LN 287, respectively. Differential protein spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry identification, which could be divided into six categories. Furthermore, the expression of stress-related proteins was detected and confirmed by qRT-PCR. This study lays the foundation for further investigations, enabling the enhancement of MRDD resistance in maize.     

利用荧光观测明确载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的防控增效作用

载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂能够显著提高对亚洲玉米螟的防控效果，为了明确其对亚洲玉米螟卵期及幼虫期可持续防控的作用机理，采用松毛虫赤眼蜂吸附绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的球孢白僵菌分生孢子，进行赤眼蜂载菌情况，以及亚洲玉米螟卵和幼虫的寄生、侵染过程观察。结果表明，赤眼蜂羽化后能够吸附柞蚕卵表面粘附的白僵菌分生孢子，并将其携带至亚洲玉米螟卵块表面，并吸附于未被赤眼蜂寄生的亚洲玉米螟卵孵化的幼虫体表，实现侵染并致死，幼虫带菌率达60.00%，网室内杀虫生物测定僵虫率达27.00%。本研究表明，载菌赤眼蜂在提高杀虫效率的同时实现害虫可持续防控，该方法为其他载菌天敌的应用提供了依据。     

5个新选水稻三系不育系主要农艺性状配合力分析

[目的]明确新不育系配合力及遗传参数,为其优势组合选配提供依据.[方法]选用5个新选三系不育系和10个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交设计组配50个杂交组合,分析株高、有效穗数、穗长、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株产量等8个农艺性状配合力,并估算其遗传参数.[结果]株高、有效穗数、每穗实粒数、结实率和单株产量等5个性状的一般配合力方差均达极显著差异水平(P<0.01,下同),说明这些性状的遗传主要受加性基因控制,穗长、每穗总粒数和千粒重等3个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达显著(P<0.05)或极显著差异水平,说明这些性状的遗传受加性和非加性基因共同控制.118A的株高、有效穗数、结实率、千粒重和单株产量等5个性状的一般配合力效应值最高,134A的穗长和每穗实粒数的一般配合力效应值最高,141A的每穗总粒数的一般配合力效应值最高,不同不育系对其配制的F1代性状表型影响存在明显差异.单株产量特殊配合力效应值较高的组合是118A×SR498、141A×蜀恢527和134A×华占,均在0.0060以上.不育系在有效穗数、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数和单株产量等4个性状的基因型方差明显高于恢复系,其对F1代的该性状表现起主要作用.[结论]118A、134A和914A是较理想的不育系材料,具有较好的应用前景;118A×SR498、141A×蜀恢527和134A×华占为苗头组合,可参加预试.